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课程改革是一个系统工程。它要求人们对教育的理念、教师的教育教学模式、课堂结构、学生的学习方式、教师与学生的关系、考试与评价制度等都要来一个脱胎换骨的转变。这其中,新课程理念的形成尤其是关键,亦是首当其冲的。具体来说,有以下转变:首先,改革旧的教育观念,真正确立与新课改相适应的体现素质教育精神的教育观念。确立新的教育观念,是教学改革的首要任务。教育观念不转变,教学改革无从说起;教育观念转变,许多困难都迎刃而解。当前,中小学教学还没有摆脱应试教育的影响,应试教育观念尚未获得根本转变,教学改革成效不显著。因此,在本次课程改革中,我们要提高认识,来一次教育观念的启蒙运动,真正把我们教师的教育观念统一到素质教育的要求上来,统一到新课程方向上来。其次,要坚定不移地推进教学方式和学习方式的转变。本次课程改革不仅仅改变教师的教育观念,还要改变教师每天都在进行着的习以为常的教学方式和教学行为。在传统教学中,教师负责教,学生负责学,教学关系成为我讲,你听;我问,你答;我写,你抄;我给,你收。教代替了学,学生是被动学会,而不是自己学会,更不用说会学。新课程强调,教学是教与学的统一,互动。师生双方相互交流,相互启发,相互补充,从而达到共识,共进,实现教学相长和共同发展。因此,我们在教学模式上应该充分体现三为主,即教师为主导,学生为主体,训练为主线。要转变以教师为中心,以课本为中心的局面。教师从幕前退到幕后,成为学生学习的组织者、引导者和合作者。教师要学会倾听,要为学生创设一个与知识相遇的情景,让学生与知识对话,创造出新的知识和文化,而非抑制和抹杀学生的个性、灵气,让教师成讲师,学生当厅(听)长。第三, 转变过去只重视知识和技能的观念,由单纯重传授知识转变为重宏扬人文精神,把情感态度和价值观放在教学目标的突出地位。教师要更多关注学生的个性差异,把握其精神、情感所向,给予学生更多的人文关怀。在新的课程理念背景下,教学中的情意因素和过程被提高到一个新的层面。首先,内涵变得丰富了。新课程强调情感、态度、价值观三个要素。从横向角度看,这三个要素具有相对独立性,它们构成了人的感性世界或非理性世界的相对完整的画面;从横向角度看,这三个要素具有层次递进性,它们构成了一个由低级到高级的心灵连续体。其次,情感、态度、价值观本身成为课程目标的重要组成部分。教学活动必须以人为教育对象,致力于培养学生丰富的情感、积极的态度、正确的价值观。第三,情感、态度、价值观必须有机地渗透到课程教学内容中来,并有意识地贯穿于教学过程之中,使其成为课程教学内容的血肉,成为教学过程的灵魂。第四, 突出学习方式的改变,切实加强创新精神和实践能力的培养。学习方式的转变是本次课程改革的显著特征。改变原有的单纯接受式的学习方式,建立和形成旨在充分调动、发挥学生主体性的学习方式,自然成为这场教学改革的核心任务。学习方式较之于学习方法是更上位的东西,两者类似战略与战术的关系:学习方式相对稳定,学习方法相对灵活,学习方式不仅包括相对的学习方法及其关系,而且涉及学习习惯、学习意识、学习态度、学习品质等心理因素和心灵力量。所以,学习方式的转变对促进学生发展更具有战略性的意义。从推进素质教育的角度来说,转变学习方式要以培养创新精神和实践能力为主要目的。
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