用弱酸酸式盐电离程度和水解程度判断酸碱性方法

2025-04-05 16:44:27
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

弱电解质的水解能力强,此情况下水解大于电离
盐类水解的规律
规律:有弱才水解,无弱不水解,都弱都水解,越弱越水解,谁虽显谁性,同强显中性。
盐的类型
实例
水解离子
溶液的酸碱性
强酸强碱盐
NaCl、KNO3

中性
强酸弱碱盐
NH4Cl、CuSO4、FeCl3
NH、Cu2+、Fe3+
酸性
强碱弱酸盐[ ]
Na2S、Na2CO3、NaHCO3
S2-、CO、HCO
碱性
弱酸弱碱盐
(NH4)2CO3、CH3COONH4
NH、CO、CH3COO-
由酸碱的相对强弱决定
2.影响盐类水解的因素
(1)内因
盐本身的性质是决定盐水解程度大小的最主要因素,组成盐的酸根相对应的酸越弱(或阳离子对应的碱越弱),水解程度就越大。
(2)外因
①温度:盐的水解是吸热反应,因此升高温度,水解程度增大。
②浓度:盐的浓度越小,电解质离子相互碰撞结合成电解质分子的几率越小,水解程度越大。
③外加酸碱:促进或抑制盐的水解。例如:CH3COONa溶液中加强酸,盐的水解程度增大,加强碱,盐的水解程度减小。
④外加盐
a.加入水解后酸碱性相反的盐,盐的水解互相促进;加入水解后酸碱性相同的盐,盐的水解互相抑制。
b.加入不参加水解的固态盐,对水解平衡无影响;加入不参加水解的盐溶液,相当于对原盐溶液稀释,盐的水解程度增大。
外界条件对反应Fe3++3H2OFe(OH)3+3H+(正反应为吸热反应)的影响如下:
条件
移动方向
H+数 ]
pH
Fe3+水解程度
现象
升高温度
向右
增加
降低
增大
颜色变深(黄 红褐)
通HCl
向左
增加
降低
减小
颜色变浅
加H2O
向右
增加
升高
增大
颜色变浅
加镁粉
向右
减小
升高
增大
红褐色沉淀,无色气体。
加NaHCO3
向右
减小
升高
增大
红褐色沉淀,无色气体

回答2:

取决于酸的强弱,碳酸氢钠显碱性,水解程度大。亚硫酸氢钠显酸性,电离程度大。

回答3:

没有很好的直接判断方法,主要就是看电离常数和浓度。

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